Common Dental Problems Treated by Dentists
General dentists play a key role in maintaining oral health by diagnosing, treating, and preventing a wide range of dental problems. While some issues may appear minor at first, early assessment and treatment can help prevent discomfort, complications, and more complex procedures in the future.
Understanding the most common dental problems treated by general dentists can help adults recognise when to seek professional care and why regular check-ups are essential.
Tooth Decay
Tooth decay is one of the most common dental problems affecting adults. It occurs when plaque builds up on the teeth and produces acids that gradually erode the enamel.
Early stages of decay may not cause noticeable symptoms, which is why regular dental check-ups are important. As decay progresses, it can lead to:
- Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods
- Toothache or discomfort
- Visible holes or dark spots on the teeth
General dentists treat tooth decay by removing the affected area and restoring the tooth with a filling. Early treatment helps preserve the natural tooth structure and prevent the need for more extensive procedures.
Gum Disease
Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, affects the tissues that support the teeth. It often begins with gingivitis, which may cause redness, swelling, or bleeding gums, especially during brushing.
If left untreated, gum disease can progress and lead to:
- Gum recession
- Persistent bad breath
- Loose teeth
- Tooth loss
General dentists regularly assess gum health during check-ups and may recommend professional cleaning, improved oral hygiene routines, or further treatment depending on the severity of the condition.
Tooth Sensitivity
Tooth sensitivity is a common issue that can cause discomfort when eating or drinking hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods. It often occurs when the protective enamel is worn away or when gums recede, exposing the underlying dentine.
Common causes of sensitivity include:
- Overbrushing or using a hard toothbrush
- Acidic diets
- Tooth grinding
- Gum recession
General dentists can identify the underlying cause of sensitivity and recommend appropriate treatments, such as desensitising toothpaste, fluoride applications, or protective restorations.
Cracked or Chipped Teeth
Teeth can become chipped or cracked due to accidents, biting on hard foods, or long-term wear. While minor chips may not cause pain, cracks can worsen over time and potentially affect the inner structure of the tooth.
General dentists assess the extent of damage and recommend suitable treatment, which may include:
- Smoothing minor chips
- Dental bonding
- Crowns for more significant damage
Prompt treatment helps protect the tooth and prevent further complications.
Tooth Wear
Tooth wear occurs gradually and can result from habits such as grinding or clenching teeth, as well as exposure to acidic foods and drinks. Over time, worn teeth may appear shorter, flattened, or more sensitive.
General dentists monitor tooth wear during routine examinations and may recommend:
- Night guards for teeth grinding
- Dietary advice to reduce acid exposure
- Restorative treatments to protect affected teeth
Managing tooth wear early can help preserve both function and appearance.
Dental Infections and Abscesses
Dental infections can develop when bacteria enter the tooth or surrounding tissues, often as a result of untreated decay or trauma. Symptoms may include swelling, pain, sensitivity, or a bad taste in the mouth.
General dentists diagnose infections and provide appropriate treatment, which may involve:
- Prescribing medication
- Performing root canal treatment
- Referring for further care if needed
Early intervention is essential to prevent the spread of infection and protect overall health.
Issues With Existing Dental Work
Fillings, crowns, and other restorations do not last forever. Over time, they may wear down, become loose, or fail.
During routine check-ups, general dentists assess existing dental work to ensure it remains functional and secure. If issues are identified, repairs or replacements can be carried out before further damage occurs.
Bad Breath
Persistent bad breath, also known as halitosis, is often linked to underlying dental or oral health issues. Common causes include:
- Gum disease
- Tooth decay
- Plaque build-up
- Dry mouth
General dentists can help identify the cause of bad breath and recommend appropriate treatment and oral hygiene improvements.
Bite and Jaw Discomfort
Problems with the bite or jaw can lead to discomfort, headaches, or difficulty chewing. These issues may be related to tooth alignment, grinding, or jaw joint problems.
General dentists assess bite alignment and jaw function and may recommend:
- Bite adjustments
- Night guards
- Further investigation if symptoms persist
Addressing these concerns early can help prevent long-term discomfort.
The Importance of Regular Dental Visits
Many common dental problems develop gradually and may not cause immediate pain. Regular dental check-ups allow general dentists to detect issues early and provide timely treatment.
Routine visits help:
- Prevent minor issues from becoming serious
- Maintain oral comfort and function
- Support long-term dental health
Preventative care remains one of the most effective ways to protect natural teeth and avoid complex treatment.
When to See a General Dentist
Adults should consider seeing a general dentist if they notice ongoing discomfort in their teeth or gums, sensitivity that does not improve, or gums that bleed or appear swollen. Changes in bite alignment, jaw comfort, or concerns about existing dental work are also important reasons to schedule a visit.
Seeking an early assessment allows potential issues to be identified sooner, often leading to simpler, more effective treatment and better long-term oral health.